2023
Job Demands and Social Security Disability Insurance Applications
WP 2023-461 , UM20-01
We use data from the Health and Retirement Study to identify the effect of job demands on applications for Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income benefits and to assess whether these job demands have been changing among older…
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Insurance Purchases of Older Americans
WP 2023-463 , UM21-09
Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) matched to administrative Medicare and Medicaid records, and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we estimate the determinants of Medigap insurance purchases of older Americans. Our data and framework allow us…
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The Effect of the Americans with Disabilities Act on Supplemental Security Income
WP 2023-464 , UM22-03
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in 1990 and implemented in 1992 with the goal of eliminating discrimination against disabled workers. It did so by requiring employers to accommodate disabled workers and by providing protections against discrimination based…
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Barriers and Communications Preferences of Rural Populations: A Scoping Review
WP 2023-465 , UM23-Q3
Enrollment in federal and state government programs is substantially lower for some eligible demographic subpopulations, particularly persons living in rural areas. Barriers faced when seeking program benefits may, in part, explain such differences in enrollment. The purpose of this paper…
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Effects of COVID-19 on Employment Disruption and Financial Precarity
WP 2023-466 , UM23-07
Existing studies find that COVID-19 disproportionately affected the employment and financial security of minoritized workers. However, few studies have examined the employment and financial impact of COVID-19 among different groups of older workers. Furthermore, there is limited information on how…
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The Impact of Affordable and Accessible Broadband on SSDI and SSI Participation
WP 2023-467 , UM23-18
Online access to government services and benefits has become increasingly prevalent, but a substantial portion of low-income, disabled individuals live without a home broadband connection. We study how the launch of a large-scale broadband subsidy program affected participation in the…
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The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Expected Labor Supply
WP 2023-468 , UM22-07
The pandemic led to a sharp increase in unemployment, which, in previous literature, has been associated with a decline in the labor supply of older individuals: Unemployed persons retire rather than attempt to return to employment. But government programs softened…
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The Enduring Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Americans’ Economic Security
WP 2023-469 , UM23-13
We examine how the pandemic has influenced Americans’ short-term financial security and future retirement stability using longitudinal survey data from the Understanding America Study (UAS), spanning the period May 2018 to May 2022. We find that while, on average, Americans’…
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Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Labor Market Outcomes in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic
WP 2023-470 , UM23-04
Using longitudinal data from the Understanding America Study (UAS) covering the onset and aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, we examine the evolution of sex and racial/ethnic disparities in employment status and work arrangements. We document differences across workers in the…
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Estimating Racial Disparities in Economic Outcomes: An Application to Employer-sponsored Retiree Health Insurance and Access to Care
WP 2023-471 , UM23-05
This paper reviews different approaches to estimating differences in economic outcomes across groups defined by race, with a focus on whether and how covariates such as education are incorporated in these analyses. My review focuses on the economics literature, but…
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